By Carl H. Peterson
Back to AcceleratedSchools.org
Copyright 2001
counting numbers
0 and 1
2 and 3
4 and 5
6 and 7
8 and 9
adding
putting together
2 + 1
= 3
add from
right to left
subtracting
taking away
3 - 1
= 2
subtract from
right to left
1 penny
1 cent
1 nickel
5 cents
1 nickel
5 pennies
1 dime
10 cents
1 dime
10 pennies
1 quarter
25 cents
1 quarter
25 pennies
1 dollar
100 cents
1 dollar
100 pennies
one year
twelve months
January
and February
March and April
May and June
July and August
September
and October
November
and December
Thirty days
has September
April June
and November
All the rest
have thirty one
except February
has twenty eight
Leap year
has twenty nine
Sunday Monday
Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday
Saturday Sunday
one week
7 days
one day
24 hours
one hour
60 minutes
one minute
60 seconds
3:50 means
50 minutes
after 3
or 10 minutes
to 4
one ten
equals 10
3 tens
equal 30
5 tens
equal 50
rename
a number
rename
63
6 tens
and 3 ones
or 5 tens
and 13 ones
multiply
means times
2 x 5
equals 10
multiplying by 1
is that number
1 x 1 is 1
1 x 2 is 2
multiplying by 2
pairs of 2
is that number
plus itself
2 x 2 is 4
2 x 4 is 8
multiplying by 3
3 times
a number
3 x 2 is 6
3 x 3 is 9
division
means divided by
divisor
into dividend
quotient
is the answer
10 divided by 2
how many twos
are in 10
the answer is 5
remainder
amount left over
when dividing
measurement
1 mile (mi)
5,280 feet (ft)
1 foot (ft)
12 inches (in)
1 yard (yd)
3 feet (ft)
36 inches (in)
1 quart (qt)
2 pints (pt)
1 pint (pt)
2 cups
1 gallon (gal)
4 quarts (qt)
kilo means
1000
hecto means
100
deka means
10
deci means
.1
centi means
.01
milli means
.001
1 centimeter (cm)
10 millimeters (mm)
12 centimeters (cm)
120
millimeters (mm)
1 kilometer (km)
1000 meters (m)
5 kilometers (km)
5000 meters (m)
1 liter (l)
1000
milliliters (ml)
3 liters (l)
3000
milliliters (ml)
1 gram (g)
1000
milligrams (mg)
25 grams (g)
2500
milligrams (mg)
1 pound (lb)
16 ounces (oz)
1 ton (T)
2000 pounds (lb)
a line
has no endpoints
name
a line
any two endpoints
on a line
parallel lines
lines same
distance apart
perpendicular lines
two lines
cross to form
right angles
vertex
point where
two lines meet
diagonal
line segment
connects two
vertices
not a side
diagonal
line that joins
two vertices
as long as
it is inside
the polygon
a circle
round and flat
like a plate
radius
of a circle
line segment
from center
of circle
to a point
on the circle
diameter
of a circle
line segment
endpoints on circle
passes through
the center
sector
section of
a circle
polygons
triangle
3 sides
quadrilateral
4 sides
pentagon
5 sides
hexagon
6 sides
heptagon
7 sides
octagon
8 sides
three-dimensional
objects
faces and edges
vertices
each face
is a polygon
cube prism
triangular prism
square prism
triangles
acute triangle
all acute angles
right triangle
contains one
right angle
obtuse triangle
contains one
obtuse angle
scalene triangle
sides
3 different lengths
angles
3 different
measurements
isosceles triangle
two equal sides
two equal angles
equilateral triangle
three equal sides
three equal angles
perimeter
distance around
a figure
add sides together
circumference
perimeter of circle
multiply diameter
times pi
(3.14)
or multiply
2 times pi
times the rad1ius
area of
square or rectangle
multiply length
times width
A = l x w
area of a triangle
1/2 times
base times height
A = 1/2bh
area of a circle
the product
of pi
(3.14)
times the
radius squared
area of
parallelogram
multiply length
times height
A = l x h
volume of
rectangular solid
measure of length
times the width
times the height
V =
l x w x h
volume of a cylinder
pi times
radius squared
times height
hypotenuse
side opposite
the right angle
in a right triangle
pythagorean
theorem
the square
of the measure
of hypotenuse
of a right triangle
equal to
the sum of squares
of the measures
of the other
two sides
a2 + b2 = c2
fractions
parts of a whole
1/4 or 5/6
numerator
top number
of a fraction
denominator
bottom number
of a fraction
a fraction
in simplest form
1 is
only whole number
can divide
both numerator
and denominator
mixed numeral
a fraction with
a whole number
3 2/3
means 3
+ 2/3
multiplying
fractions
4/5 x 1/2
multiply
the numerators
4 x 1 = 4
then multiply
the denominators
5 x 2 = 10
So 4/5 x 1/2
= 4/10
then change
to simplest form
4/10 = 2/5
adding fractions
must have
same denominator
3/8 + 2/8
add the numerators
3 + 2 = 5
denominator
stays the same
= 8
So 3/8 + 2/8
= 5/8
renaming fractions
multiply
the numerator
and denominator
by the same number
for a new fraction
2/3 x 2/2
= 4/6
So 2/3 = 4/6
after renaming
subtracting fractions
use the same
denominators
7/8 - 5/8
and subtract
the numerators
7 - 5 = 2
So 7/8 - 5/8
= 2/8
then change to
simplest form
2/8
= 1/4
renaming
mixed numbers
multiply whole number
by denominator
add the numerators
answer
= numerator
keep denominator
the same
So 9 2/3 renamed
= (3 x 9)
+ 2
= 27/3
+ 2/3
= 29/3
reciprocals
turn upside down
reciprocals
inverted fractions
4/7
is the reciprocal
of 7/4
product of
reciprocals
= 1
estimate
check for
reasonable answers
problem solving
make a list
make a table
use a drawing
use an equation
use a formula
problem solving
strategies
read the problem
identify the question
ID important
information
choose a strategy
Does the answer
make sense
adding decimals
subtracting decimals
line up
decimal points
multiplying decimals
number of decimal places
in the solution
equals number
of decimal
places
in the problem
dividing decimals
make divisor
a whole number
move decimal
in divisor
and dividend
same number of places
until divisor
is a whole number
number phrases
letters can
stand for numbers
7 + a
some number a
added to 7
an equation
x + 2 = 9
both x + 2
and 9
name same number
solving equations
divide both sides
by the same
non-zero number
multiply
both sides
by the same number
add or subtract
same number
from both sides
combine like terms
3a =
a + a + a
2a =
a + a
3a + 2a
= 5a
distance
= rate x time
d = r x t
ratio
comparison
of numbers
two sets
3 to 5
3 / 5
proportion
expresses equality
two ratios
2/3
= 4/6
percent
if n
= a number
then n %
stands for
a ratio
of n to 100
n / 100
percent of a number
change percent
to a decimal.
multiply
by the number
to find
the answer
10 %
of 90 =
.1
x 90
= 9
simple interest
interest =
Principal times
rate times time
(in yrs)
compound interest
interest paid
on original
principal
and interest
already earned
Graphs
picture graphs
bar graphs
line graphs
circle or
pie graphs
mathematical
probability
tells you
what is likely
to happen
experimental
probability
tells you
what happened
during
the experiment
a variable
a symbol
stands for
unknown number
algebraic
expression
combination of
variables
and numbers
and at least
one operation